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       [導(dao)讀(du)]我(wo)們能(neng)直接(jie)接(jie)觸(chu)或(huo)感知到的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)塑(su)(su)(su)(su)(su)料(liao)(liao)(liao)(liao)(liao)，多(duo)(duo)數(shu)是(shi)常規(gui)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)通用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)塑(su)(su)(su)(su)(su)料(liao)(liao)(liao)(liao)(liao)，主(zhu)(zhu)要(yao)(yao)包括(kuo)五大(da)類(lei)(lei)：PE、PP、ABS、PVC、PS，這五大(da)類(lei)(lei)塑(su)(su)(su)(su)(su)料(liao)(liao)(liao)(liao)(liao)占據(ju)了塑(su)(su)(su)(su)(su)料(liao)(liao)(liao)(liao)(liao)原(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)料(liao)(liao)(liao)(liao)(liao)使(shi)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)絕(jue)大(da)多(duo)(duo)數(shu)。  在(zai)(zai)日常生(sheng)活中(zhong)(zhong)，我(wo)們能(neng)直接(jie)接(jie)觸(chu)或(huo)感知到的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)塑(su)(su)(su)(su)(su)料(liao)(liao)(liao)(liao)(liao)，多(duo)(duo)數(shu)是(shi)常規(gui)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)通用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)塑(su)(su)(su)(su)(su)料(liao)(liao)(liao)(liao)(liao)，主(zhu)(zhu)要(yao)(yao)包括(kuo)五大(da)類(lei)(lei)：PE、PP、ABS、PVC、PS，這五大(da)類(lei)(lei)塑(su)(su)(su)(su)(su)料(liao)(liao)(liao)(liao)(liao)占據(ju)了塑(su)(su)(su)(su)(su)料(liao)(liao)(liao)(liao)(liao)原(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)料(liao)(liao)(liao)(liao)(liao)使(shi)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)絕(jue)大(da)多(duo)(duo)數(shu)，其(qi)(qi)余(yu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)基本可(ke)(ke)(ke)以歸入(ru)特殊塑(su)(su)(su)(su)(su)料(liao)(liao)(liao)(liao)(liao)品(pin)(pin)種(zhong)(zhong)，如(ru)(ru)(ru)：PPS、PPO、PA、PC、POM等(deng)(deng)(deng)(deng)，它(ta)們在(zai)(zai)日用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)生(sheng)活產(chan)(chan)品(pin)(pin)中(zhong)(zhong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)量很少，主(zhu)(zhu)要(yao)(yao)應用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)在(zai)(zai)工程產(chan)(chan)業、國(guo)防科技等(deng)(deng)(deng)(deng)高(gao)端的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)領(ling)(ling)域(yu)，如(ru)(ru)(ru)汽車、航天、建筑(zhu)、通訊等(deng)(deng)(deng)(deng)領(ling)(ling)域(yu)。塑(su)(su)(su)(su)(su)料(liao)(liao)(liao)(liao)(liao)根據(ju)其(qi)(qi)可(ke)(ke)(ke)塑(su)(su)(su)(su)(su)性(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)分(fen)(fen)類(lei)(lei)，可(ke)(ke)(ke)分(fen)(fen)為(wei)熱(re)塑(su)(su)(su)(su)(su)性(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)塑(su)(su)(su)(su)(su)料(liao)(liao)(liao)(liao)(liao)和(he)(he)熱(re)固性(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)塑(su)(su)(su)(su)(su)料(liao)(liao)(liao)(liao)(liao)。通常情(qing)況(kuang)下，熱(re)塑(su)(su)(su)(su)(su)性(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)塑(su)(su)(su)(su)(su)料(liao)(liao)(liao)(liao)(liao)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)產(chan)(chan)品(pin)(pin)可(ke)(ke)(ke)再回收(shou)利用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)，而(er)(er)熱(re)固性(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)塑(su)(su)(su)(su)(su)料(liao)(liao)(liao)(liao)(liao)則不(bu)能(neng)，根據(ju)塑(su)(su)(su)(su)(su)料(liao)(liao)(liao)(liao)(liao)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)光學性(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)能(neng)來分(fen)(fen)，可(ke)(ke)(ke)分(fen)(fen)為(wei)透(tou)(tou)(tou)明(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)、半透(tou)(tou)(tou)明(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)及(ji)不(bu)透(tou)(tou)(tou)明(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)原(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)料(liao)(liao)(liao)(liao)(liao)，如(ru)(ru)(ru)PS、PMMA、AS、PC等(deng)(deng)(deng)(deng)屬于透(tou)(tou)(tou)明(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)塑(su)(su)(su)(su)(su)料(liao)(liao)(liao)(liao)(liao)，而(er)(er)其(qi)(qi)它(ta)大(da)多(duo)(duo)數(shu)塑(su)(su)(su)(su)(su)料(liao)(liao)(liao)(liao)(liao)都為(wei)不(bu)透(tou)(tou)(tou)明(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)塑(su)(su)(su)(su)(su)料(liao)(liao)(liao)(liao)(liao)。塑(su)(su)(su)(su)(su)料(liao)(liao)(liao)(liao)(liao)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)分(fen)(fen)類(lei)(lei)方(fang)(fang)式(shi)還有(you)(you)(you)很多(duo)(duo)種(zhong)(zhong)，這里不(bu)一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)介紹了。     常用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)塑(su)(su)(su)(su)(su)料(liao)(liao)(liao)(liao)(liao)品(pin)(pin)種(zhong)(zhong)性(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)能(neng)及(ji)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)途(tu)(tu) 1、聚(ju)(ju)(ju)(ju)乙(yi)烯：常用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)聚(ju)(ju)(ju)(ju)乙(yi)烯可(ke)(ke)(ke)分(fen)(fen)為(wei)低壓聚(ju)(ju)(ju)(ju)乙(yi)烯(HDPE)、高(gao)壓聚(ju)(ju)(ju)(ju)乙(yi)烯(LDPE)和(he)(he)線性(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)高(gao)壓聚(ju)(ju)(ju)(ju)乙(yi)烯。三者(zhe)當中(zhong)(zhong)，HDPE有(you)(you)(you)較(jiao)(jiao)好的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)熱(re)性(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)能(neng)、電(dian)性(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)能(neng)和(he)(he)機械性(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)能(neng)，而(er)(er)LDPE和(he)(he)LLDPE有(you)(you)(you)較(jiao)(jiao)好的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)柔韌性(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)、沖擊性(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)能(neng)、成膜性(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)等(deng)(deng)(deng)(deng)。LDPE和(he)(he)LLDPE主(zhu)(zhu)要(yao)(yao)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)于包裝(zhuang)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)薄膜、農用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)薄膜、塑(su)(su)(su)(su)(su)料(liao)(liao)(liao)(liao)(liao)改性(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)等(deng)(deng)(deng)(deng)，而(er)(er)HDPE的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)途(tu)(tu)比較(jiao)(jiao)廣(guang)(guang)泛(fan)，薄膜、管(guan)材(cai)(cai)、注射(she)(she)日用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)品(pin)(pin)等(deng)(deng)(deng)(deng)多(duo)(duo)個領(ling)(ling)域(yu)。 2、聚(ju)(ju)(ju)(ju)丙烯：相對來說，聚(ju)(ju)(ju)(ju)丙烯的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)品(pin)(pin)種(zhong)(zhong)更多(duo)(duo)，用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)途(tu)(tu)也比較(jiao)(jiao)復雜，領(ling)(ling)域(yu)繁多(duo)(duo)，品(pin)(pin)種(zhong)(zhong)主(zhu)(zhu)要(yao)(yao)有(you)(you)(you)均(jun)(jun)聚(ju)(ju)(ju)(ju)聚(ju)(ju)(ju)(ju)丙烯(homopp)，嵌段(duan)共(gong)聚(ju)(ju)(ju)(ju)聚(ju)(ju)(ju)(ju)丙烯(copp)和(he)(he)無(wu)(wu)規(gui)共(gong)聚(ju)(ju)(ju)(ju)聚(ju)(ju)(ju)(ju)丙烯(rapp)，根據(ju)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)途(tu)(tu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)不(bu)同(tong)，均(jun)(jun)聚(ju)(ju)(ju)(ju)主(zhu)(zhu)要(yao)(yao)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)在(zai)(zai)拉絲、纖維、注射(she)(she)、BOPP膜等(deng)(deng)(deng)(deng)領(ling)(ling)域(yu)，共(gong)聚(ju)(ju)(ju)(ju)聚(ju)(ju)(ju)(ju)丙烯主(zhu)(zhu)要(yao)(yao)應用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)于家(jia)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)電(dian)器(qi)注射(she)(she)件(jian)(jian)，改性(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)原(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)料(liao)(liao)(liao)(liao)(liao)，日用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)注射(she)(she)產(chan)(chan)品(pin)(pin)、管(guan)材(cai)(cai)等(deng)(deng)(deng)(deng)，無(wu)(wu)規(gui)聚(ju)(ju)(ju)(ju)丙烯主(zhu)(zhu)要(yao)(yao)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)于透(tou)(tou)(tou)明(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)制品(pin)(pin)、高(gao)性(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)能(neng)產(chan)(chan)品(pin)(pin)、高(gao)性(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)能(neng)管(guan)材(cai)(cai)等(deng)(deng)(deng)(deng)。 3、聚(ju)(ju)(ju)(ju)氯乙(yi)烯：由(you)于其(qi)(qi)成本低廉，產(chan)(chan)品(pin)(pin)具有(you)(you)(you)自(zi)阻燃(ran)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)特性(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)，故在(zai)(zai)建筑(zhu)領(ling)(ling)域(yu)里用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)途(tu)(tu)廣(guang)(guang)泛(fan)，尤(you)其(qi)(qi)是(shi)下水(shui)道管(guan)材(cai)(cai)、塑(su)(su)(su)(su)(su)鋼門窗(chuang)、板(ban)材(cai)(cai)、人造皮(pi)革等(deng)(deng)(deng)(deng)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)途(tu)(tu)最(zui)為(wei)廣(guang)(guang)泛(fan)。 4、聚(ju)(ju)(ju)(ju)苯(ben)乙(yi)烯：作(zuo)為(wei)一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)種(zhong)(zhong)透(tou)(tou)(tou)明(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)原(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)材(cai)(cai)料(liao)(liao)(liao)(liao)(liao)，在(zai)(zai)有(you)(you)(you)透(tou)(tou)(tou)明(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)需求的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)情(qing)況(kuang)下，用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)途(tu)(tu)廣(guang)(guang)泛(fan)，如(ru)(ru)(ru)汽車燈(deng)罩、日用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)透(tou)(tou)(tou)明(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)件(jian)(jian)、透(tou)(tou)(tou)明(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)杯、罐等(deng)(deng)(deng)(deng)。  5、ABS：是(shi)一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)種(zhong)(zhong)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)途(tu)(tu)廣(guang)(guang)泛(fan)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)工程塑(su)(su)(su)(su)(su)料(liao)(liao)(liao)(liao)(liao)，具有(you)(you)(you)杰出(chu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)物理機械和(he)(he)熱(re)性(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)能(neng)，廣(guang)(guang)泛(fan)應用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)于家(jia)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)電(dian)器(qi)、面板(ban)、面罩、組(zu)合件(jian)(jian)、配(pei)件(jian)(jian)等(deng)(deng)(deng)(deng)，尤(you)其(qi)(qi)是(shi)家(jia)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)電(dian)器(qi)，如(ru)(ru)(ru)洗衣機、空調、冰箱、電(dian)扇等(deng)(deng)(deng)(deng)，用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)量十分(fen)(fen)龐大(da)，另外在(zai)(zai)塑(su)(su)(su)(su)(su)料(liao)(liao)(liao)(liao)(liao)改性(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)方(fang)(fang)面，用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)途(tu)(tu)也很廣(guang)(guang)。   常用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)塑(su)(su)(su)(su)(su)料(liao)(liao)(liao)(liao)(liao)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)辨別方(fang)(fang)式(shi) 1、密度(du)(du)法(fa)：考查(cha)(cha)各種(zhong)(zhong)塑(su)(su)(su)(su)(su)料(liao)(liao)(liao)(liao)(liao)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)密度(du)(du)，以液(ye)體(ti)為(wei)介質，檢驗其(qi)(qi)塑(su)(su)(su)(su)(su)料(liao)(liao)(liao)(liao)(liao)在(zai)(zai)液(ye)體(ti)介質中(zhong)(zhong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)沉浮(fu)，以粗略辨別塑(su)(su)(su)(su)(su)料(liao)(liao)(liao)(liao)(liao)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)大(da)類(lei)(lei)，如(ru)(ru)(ru)一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)塊塑(su)(su)(su)(su)(su)料(liao)(liao)(liao)(liao)(liao)放在(zai)(zai)水(shui)中(zhong)(zhong)，浮(fu)在(zai)(zai)水(shui)面可(ke)(ke)(ke)斷(duan)定，原(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)料(liao)(liao)(liao)(liao)(liao)不(bu)是(shi)PVC(因PVC的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)密度(du)(du)＞1)。   2、燃(ran)燒法(fa)：主(zhu)(zhu)要(yao)(yao)考查(cha)(cha)火(huo)焰的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)顏色(se)(se)和(he)(he)燃(ran)燒時發(fa)出(chu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)氣味和(he)(he)煙(yan)霧，一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)般(ban)來講，聚(ju)(ju)(ju)(ju)烯烴類(lei)(lei)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)原(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)料(liao)(liao)(liao)(liao)(liao)燃(ran)燒火(huo)焰多(duo)(duo)是(shi)藍色(se)(se)或(huo)淡(dan)藍色(se)(se)，氣味比較(jiao)(jiao)溫和(he)(he)及(ji)淡(dan)、煙(yan)霧呈白色(se)(se)，而(er)(er)多(duo)(duo)數(shu)帶苯(ben)或(huo)氯的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)原(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)料(liao)(liao)(liao)(liao)(liao)燃(ran)燒后(hou)容易冒黑煙(yan)，氣味濃烈。另外，如(ru)(ru)(ru)PE、PP有(you)(you)(you)滴燃(ran)現(xian)象，而(er)(er)PVC等(deng)(deng)(deng)(deng)則無(wu)(wu)滴燃(ran)，但(dan)有(you)(you)(you)自(zi)熄現(xian)象。  3、光學法(fa)：主(zhu)(zhu)要(yao)(yao)考查(cha)(cha)原(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)料(liao)(liao)(liao)(liao)(liao)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)透(tou)(tou)(tou)明(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)性(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)，一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)般(ban)常用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)透(tou)(tou)(tou)明(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)原(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)料(liao)(liao)(liao)(liao)(liao)為(wei)：PS、PC、PMMA、AS；半透(tou)(tou)(tou)明(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)原(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)料(liao)(liao)(liao)(liao)(liao)為(wei)：PE、無(wu)(wu)規(gui)共(gong)聚(ju)(ju)(ju)(ju)PP、均(jun)(jun)聚(ju)(ju)(ju)(ju)PP、軟質PVC、透(tou)(tou)(tou)明(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)ABS等(deng)(deng)(deng)(deng)，其(qi)(qi)它(ta)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)原(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)料(liao)(liao)(liao)(liao)(liao)基本上不(bu)透(tou)(tou)(tou)明(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)。   4、色(se)(se)辨法(fa)：一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)般(ban)來講，不(bu)加助劑(ji)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)原(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)料(liao)(liao)(liao)(liao)(liao)，如(ru)(ru)(ru)果(guo)本身含有(you)(you)(you)雙鍵(jian)，則顏色(se)(se)會顯(xian)略黃(huang)，如(ru)(ru)(ru)ABS，因有(you)(you)(you)丁二烯共(gong)聚(ju)(ju)(ju)(ju)，聚(ju)(ju)(ju)(ju)合后(hou)聚(ju)(ju)(ju)(ju)合物中(zhong)(zhong)仍(reng)含有(you)(you)(you)雙鍵(jian)，因此會顯(xian)略黃(huang)。  其(qi)(qi)它(ta)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)多(duo)(duo)數(shu)辨別方(fang)(fang)法(fa)***要(yao)(yao)借(jie)助各種(zhong)(zhong)儀器(qi)，如(ru)(ru)(ru)紅外光譜(pu)、質譜(pu)，核磁共(gong)振、差熱(re)掃描、熱(re)分(fen)(fen)析等(deng)(deng)(deng)(deng)。
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